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Dark Energy and Accelerating Expansion

Physics · Class 12

Q1. Define Dark Energy and Accelerating Expansion.

Q2. Explain: Cosmological Constant.

Q3. Give one clear example of Dark Energy and Accelerating Expansion and say why it fits.

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Simple Harmonic Motion

Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is periodic motion in which the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium position and is always directed toward equilibrium.

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Newton’s law of universal gravitation states that every two masses attract each other with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres.

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Circular Motion and SHM

Simple harmonic motion can be represented as the projection of uniform circular motion onto a diameter of the circular path.

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A mass-spring system consists of a mass attached to an elastic spring which can perform SHM when the spring obeys Hooke's law and damping is negligible.

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A simple pendulum consists ideally of a point mass suspended by a light inextensible string which performs approximately SHM for small angular displacements.

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Energy in SHM

In ideal SHM, energy continuously changes between kinetic energy and potential energy, while total mechanical energy remains constant.

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