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Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is periodic motion in which the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium position and is always directed toward equilibrium.

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Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Newton’s law of universal gravitation states that every two masses attract each other with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres.

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Circular Motion and SHM

Simple harmonic motion can be represented as the projection of uniform circular motion onto a diameter of the circular path.

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Mass-Spring System

A mass-spring system consists of a mass attached to an elastic spring which can perform SHM when the spring obeys Hooke's law and damping is negligible.

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Simple Pendulum

A simple pendulum consists ideally of a point mass suspended by a light inextensible string which performs approximately SHM for small angular displacements.

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