Ammonia and Nitric Acid (school Names)

Haber → NH₃: N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ (Fe catalyst; high pressure; moderate high temperature in the school story). Ostwald → HNO₃: ammonia is oxidised (Pt catalyst named at school) → nitrogen oxides → nitric acid. Nitrates / fertilisers: HNO₃ and nitrate salts supply plant nitrogen; ammonia itself is also a fertiliser feedstock. Keep names separate: Haber = ammonia; Ostwald = nitric acid; Contact = H₂SO₄ (not this topic’s product).

Ammonia and nitric acid are the two headline nitrogen industrials in Class 11. Haber process (school names). Nitrogen from air and hydrogen (often from natural gas / steam reforming in the wider story) combine: N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃. The school catalyst is iron. Typical school conditions emphasise high pressure (favours fewer gas molecules) and a compromise temperature with a catalyst. Product: ammonia — feedstock for fertilisers and for further nitrogen chemistry. Ostwald process (school names). Ammonia is catalytically oxidised (platinum catalyst named in many syllabi) to nitrogen monoxide, then to nitrogen dioxide, which is absorbed to give nitric acid HNO₃. So Ostwald starts from Haber ammonia; do not reverse the order. Nitrates and fertilisers. Nitric acid forms nitrate salts (e.g. ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate in school lists). Plants need combined nitrogen; air N₂ alone is not enough without fixation. Haber ammonia and Ostwald nitric acid / nitrates are the industrial fertiliser story. Exam discipline: name Haber for NH₃, Ostwald for HNO₃, and never paste Contact-process V₂O₅ / SO₃ details into an ammonia answer.

Haber makes ammonia NH₃ from nitrogen and hydrogen. Ostwald turns ammonia into nitric acid HNO₃. Nitric acid and nitrates are used in fertilisers. Haber ≠ Ostwald ≠ Contact Process.

Write Haber as N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ with Fe catalyst and school pressure/temperature language. Write Ostwald as NH₃ oxidation → NO / NO₂ → HNO₃ with Pt named. Link both to fertilisers: NH₃ and nitrate salts feed crops. Keep Contact (SO₂ → SO₃ → H₂SO₄) out of this answer unless the question asks for it.

Show the dependency chain: air N₂ → Haber NH₃ → Ostwald HNO₃ → nitrate fertilisers. Mention that Haber is reversible and equilibrium-limited, while Ostwald is an oxidation sequence. In longer answers, state one school condition line for Haber (high P, Fe, compromise T) without inventing full plant design. Flag ammonium nitrate as a combined N fertiliser example when asked.

Haber → NH₃ (N₂ + 3H₂, Fe). Ostwald → HNO₃ (NH₃ oxidation, Pt named). Nitrates = fertilisers. Contact = H₂SO₄ — do not mix.