Fossil Fuels and Crude Oil — Fractions Named
Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, residue.
Learning objectives
- Define fractions named using accurate chemistry terms.
- Explain why fractions named matters within fossil fuels and crude oil.
- Apply the learning unit to an FBISE-style example, comparison, diagram, or calculation.
Definition
Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, residue. Higher up the tower: lower b.p., smaller molecules, more volatile, lower viscosity (school table). Combustion releases stored chemical energy as heat — CO2 and pollutants follow. This page separates the idea from the wider topic “FOSSIL FUELS AND CRUDE OIL” so it can be revised and assessed on its own.
Important terms
- FRACTIONS NAMED
- Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, residue.
- FOSSIL FUELS AND CRUDE OIL
- Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
Overview
Study this learning unit in three steps:
Key Idea
Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, residue. Higher up the tower: lower b.p., smaller molecules, more volatile, lower viscosity (school table). Combustion releases stored chemical energy as heat — CO2 and pollutants follow.
Examples Top: gases · Bottom: bitumen · Not a P&ID
Exam Application
Exam fractional distillation: crude oil is a mixture tower separates by boiling point smaller molecules higher up (named fractions)
Examples Top: gases · Bottom: bitumen · Not a P&ID
WHAT — FOSSIL FUELS AND CRUDE OIL — FRACTIONS NAMED
Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, residue. Higher up the tower: lower b.p., smaller molecules, more volatile, lower viscosity (school table). Combustion releases stored chemical energy as heat — CO2 and pollutants follow. This page separates the idea from the wider topic “FOSSIL FUELS AND CRUDE OIL” so it can be revised and assessed on its own.
WHY — Why this topic matters
FOSSIL FUELS AND CRUDE OIL — FRACTIONS NAMED is an independent FBISE learning unit because students must use its definitions, conditions, equations, or trends separately in explanations and calculations.
HOW — How it works
Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, residue. Higher up the tower: lower b.p., smaller molecules, more volatile, lower viscosity (school table). Combustion releases stored chemical energy as heat — CO2 and pollutants follow. Examples: Top: gases; Bottom: bitumen; Not a P&ID. Exam use: Exam fractional distillation: crude oil is a mixture tower separates by boiling point smaller molecules higher up (named fractions)
Explanation
Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, residue. Higher up the tower: lower b.p., smaller molecules, more volatile, lower viscosity (school table). Combustion releases stored chemical energy as heat — CO2 and pollutants follow. Examples: Top: gases; Bottom: bitumen; Not a P&ID. Exam use: Exam fractional distillation: crude oil is a mixture tower separates by boiling point smaller molecules higher up (named fractions)
In simple words
Federal Board Class 11 Chemistry learning unit. Easy wording; no provincial-board material added.
Key points
- b.p. up with size
- b.p. tower
Exam preparation
Exam Focus
Quick revision
Revision Zone
Fossil Fuels and Crude Oil — Fractions Named
Sticky Notes · Quick Revision
Core idea
- Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, residue. Higher up the tower: lower b.p., smaller molecules, more volatile, lower viscosity (school table). Combustion releases stored chemical energy as heat — CO2 and pollutants follow. This page separates the idea from the wider topic “FOSSIL FUELS AND CRUDE OIL” so it can be revised and assessed on its own.
WHAT
- Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, residue.
WHY
- FOSSIL FUELS AND CRUDE OIL — FRACTIONS NAMED is an independent FBISE learning unit because students must use its definitions, conditions, equations, or trends separately in explanations and calculations.
HOW
- Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, residue. Higher up the tower: lower b.p., smaller molecules, more volatile, lower viscosity (school table). Combustion releases stored chemical energy as heat — CO2 and pollutants follow. Examples: Top: gases; Bottom: bitumen; Not a P&ID. Exam use: Exam fractional distillation: crude oil is a mixture tower separates by boiling point smaller molecules higher up (named fractions)
Common misconception
- Do not treat fractions named as the same as every other part of fossil fuels and crude oil; define this unit and use its own evidence, steps, or conditions.
FBISE exam check
- Define fossil fuels and crude oil — fractions named, explain how it works, and support the answer with one relevant example.
60-second revision
- Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, residue.
- Top: gases
- Exam link: b.p. up with size.
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