PhysicsChapter 12: Nuclear Physics
Ionising and Uses
Introduction
Ionising radiation has enough energy to remove electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions. Alpha, beta and gamma can all cause ionisation, but their ionising abilities differ.
Definition
Relative Ionising Ability
At this level: Alpha → very strong ionising ability Beta → medium Gamma → lower per interaction
Why Alpha Ionises Strongly
Alpha particles have: relatively large mass; +2 charge; * strong interaction with matter. They transfer energy rapidly over a short distance.
Useful Applications of Ionising Radiation
Controlled ionising radiation can be useful in: medical imaging; radiotherapy; tracers; sterilisation; * industrial monitoring.
Balance of Benefit and Risk
Ionising radiation can damage biological tissue, so applications are designed to use only appropriate, controlled exposure.
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Sticky Notes · Quick Revision
IONISING POWER
- α → HIGH
- β → MEDIUM
- γ → LOWER
USES
- Medicine + industry