Fast fluid flow produces lower static pressure under Bernoulli conditions. Atomizers and filter pumps use this pressure reduction to draw another fluid into a fast stream.
Learning Outcomes
Fast flow corresponds to low static pressure at equal height.
An atomizer lifts liquid and breaks it into fine droplets.
A filter pump uses a fast water jet to lower pressure and draw air from a vessel.
Pressure difference drives the secondary fluid.
Intermediate Level
Bernoulli Effect
Key equation
P+12ρ v2=constant
At equal height, an increase in speed requires a decrease in static pressure.
Paper-Sheet Activity
Air blown between two hanging sheets moves rapidly, lowering pressure between them. Higher outside pressure pushes the sheets together.
Atomizer
Squeezing the bulb sends fast air across the top of a vertical tube. Pressure above the liquid falls; higher pressure on the reservoir pushes liquid upward. The nozzle breaks it into droplets.
Perfume spray
Paint spray
Engine carburettor
Filter Pump
Tap water accelerates through a jet and produces low pressure near a side tube. Air is drawn from the connected vessel and leaves mixed with water.
Device
Fast primary fluid
Drawn fluid
Result
Atomizer
air
liquid
fine spray
Filter pump
water
air
partial evacuation
Common Mistakes
Do not reverse the high-speed and low-pressure regions.
State the ideal-flow conditions before using Bernoulli reasoning.
Use consistent SI units in calculations.
Short-Question Preparation
Q. Why do two sheets move together when air is blown between them?
A. Fast air lowers pressure between them, so higher outside pressure pushes them inward.
Q. Explain an atomizer.
A. Fast air lowers pressure above the tube; reservoir pressure raises liquid and the nozzle forms droplets.
Q. Explain a filter pump.
A. A fast water jet lowers pressure and draws air through the side tube.
Sticky Notes
Fast flow corresponds to low static pressure at equal height.
An atomizer lifts liquid and breaks it into fine droplets.
A filter pump uses a fast water jet to lower pressure and draw air from a vessel.
Pressure difference drives the secondary fluid.
60-Second Revision
Fast fluid flow produces lower static pressure under Bernoulli conditions. Atomizers and filter pumps use this pressure reduction to draw another fluid into a fast stream.
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Exam preparation
Exam Focus
Important points
Fast flow corresponds to low static pressure at equal height.
An atomizer lifts liquid and breaks it into fine droplets.
A filter pump uses a fast water jet to lower pressure and draw air from a vessel.
Pressure difference drives the secondary fluid.
Common mistakes
Check speed, pressure and height carefully.
Quick revision
Revision Zone
Review the key facts, formulas and checks before you move on.
Bernoulli Effect, Atomizer and Filter Pump
Sticky Notes · Quick Revision
1.
Key Point 1
Fast flow corresponds to low static pressure at equal height.
2.
Key Point 2
An atomizer lifts liquid and breaks it into fine droplets.
3.
Key Point 3
A filter pump uses a fast water jet to lower pressure and draw air from a vessel.
4.
Key Point 4
Pressure difference drives the secondary fluid.
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6 concept questions
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Explanation after each answer
Exam Practice
Important Question
Q1. Why do two sheets move together when air is blown between them?
